Triples with object ARTEMIS and ENIAC Joint Undertakings concluded administrative agreements with the NFAs of the Member States, which continue to apply after the merger of the ARTEMIS and ENIAC Joint Undertakings into the ECSEL Joint Undertaking. These arrangements provide for ex-post audits of these payments being delegated to the NFAs that will perform audits on behalf of the Joint Undertaking. The ARTEMIS and ENIAC Joint Undertakings’ ex-post audit strategy relied heavily on the NFAs to audit project cost claims.